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Atlanta (pronounced /?t?l?nt?/ or /?t?l?nt?/) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia.
As of 2008, Atlanta is the thirty-third largest city in the United States, with an estimated population of 537,958. Its metropolitan area, officially named the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA (commonly referred to as Metropolitan Atlanta) is the ninth largest metropolitan area in the country, inhabited by approximately 5.5 million people. Moreover, the Atlanta Combined Statistical Area has a population approaching 6 million, making it is the most populous metropolis in the American Southeast and the focal point of the emerging megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic MegaRegion. Like most areas in the Sun Belt, the Atlanta region has seen explosive growth in the past decade, adding more than 1.13 million residents between 2000 and 2008. It is the fastest growing area of the United States behind the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex.[3] Also in 2008, Atlanta became the eighth largest media market in the United States, with more than 2,387,520 households in its metropolitan area.[4]
Considered a top business city and transportation hub,[5][6] Atlanta is the world headquarters of companies such as The Coca-Cola Company, Georgia-Pacific, AT&T Mobility, CNN, Delta Air Lines, and Turner Broadcasting. Atlanta has the country's fourth largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies inside city limits (although UPS, Home Depot, and Newell Rubbermaid are not in the city limits) and more than 75 percent of the Fortune 1000 companies have a presence in the metro area. Also the Atlanta metro area has the 11th largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies headquarters.[7] Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, which is located seven miles south of downtown Atlanta, is the world's busiest airport and the only major airport to serve the city.[8][9]
Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County and the fifth location for the seat of government of the state of Georgia. A small portion of the city of Atlanta corporate limits extends into DeKalb County. Residents of the city are known as Atlantans.[10] The land constituting the city of Atlanta was once a Native American village called Standing Peachtree. The land that became the Atlanta area was taken from the Cherokee and Creeks by white settlers in 1822, with the first area settlement being Decatur.
In 1907, Peachtree Street, the main street of Atlanta, was busy with streetcars and automobiles.
On December 21, 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western and Atlantic Railroad to provide a trade route to the Midwestern United States.[11] Following the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation between 1838 and 1839 the newly depopulated area was opened for the construction of a railroad. The area around the eastern terminus to the line began to develop first, and so the settlement was named "Terminus" in 1837. It was nicknamed Thrasherville after John Thrasher, who built homes and a general store there.[12] By 1842, the settlement had six buildings and 30 residents and the town was renamed "Marthasville".[13] The Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, J. Edgar Thomson, suggested that the area be renamed "Atlantica-Pacifica" after the Western and Atlantic Railroad, which was quickly shortened to "Atlanta".[13] The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29, 1847.[14] By 1854, another railroad connected Atlanta to LaGrange, and the town grew to 9,554 by 1860.[15][16]
During the American Civil War, Atlanta served as an important railroad and military supply hub. In 1864, the city became the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by Atlanta was the scene of several battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, and the Battle of Ezra Church. On September 1, 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta after a four-month siege mounted by Union General William T. Sherman and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed. The next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered the city, and on September 7 Sherman ordered the civilian population to evacuate. He then ordered Atlanta burned to the ground on November 11 in preparation for his march south, though he spared the city's churches and hospitals.[17]
Neighborhoods of Atlanta :
Downtown and Midtown
* Centennial Hill district
* Fairlie-Poplar (1) district
* Five Points district
* Hotel District
* Railroad District
* The Midtown (7) neighborhood proper
* Atlantic Station (16)
* Eastern Home Park (6)
* Georgia Tech
* Berkeley Park (15)
* Blandtown (42)
* Bolton (42)
* Hills Park (42)
* Western Home Park (6)
* Knight Park/Howell Station (50)
* Marietta Street Authority (2)
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